Pen Testing Vs Vulnerability Scanning

Penetration testing exploits a vulnerability in your system architecture while vulnerability scanning (or assessment) checks for known vulnerabilities and generates a report on risk exposure.

Penetration testing or Vulnerability scanning depends mostly on three factors:

Scope
Risk and Criticality of assets
Cost and Time

Penetration Testing Life Cycle

Vulnerability Scanning Life Cycle

Major Comparison

Standards	Penetration Testing	Vulnerability Assessments
Scope	Determines the scope of an attack.	Makes a directory of assets and resources in each system.
Resource	Tests sensitive data collection.	Discovers the potential threats to each resource.
Behavior	Gathers targeted information and/or inspect the system.	Allocates quantifiable value and significance to the available resources.
Output	Cleans up the system and gives final report.	Attempts to mitigate or eliminate the potential vulnerabilities of valuable resources.
Depth	It is non-intrusive, documentation and environmental review and analysis.	Comprehensive analysis and through review of the target system and its environment.
Environment	It is ideal for physical environments and network architecture.	It is ideal for lab environments.
Target	It is meant for critical real-time systems.	It is meant for non-critical systems.
Automation	Not Automated – Human Intervention required	Fully automated
Frequency	Once or twice a year, as well as anytime the Internet-facing equipment undergoes significant changes	At least quarterly, especially after new equipment is loaded or the network undergoes significant changes
Reports	Concisely identify what data was compromised	Provide a comprehensive baseline of what vulnerabilities exist and what changed since the last report
Focus	Discovers unknown and exploitable weaknesses in normal business processes	Lists known software vulnerabilities that could be exploited
Performed by	Best to use an independent outside service and alternate between two or three; requires a great deal of skill	Typically conducted by in-house staff using authenticated credentials; does not require a high skill level
Value	Identifies and reduces weaknesses	Detects when equipment could be compromised
Pricing	On higher side	On normal end , comparing to PT

Conclusion

Both vulnerability scanning and penetration testing can feed into the cyber risk analysis process and help to determine controls best suited for the business, department, or a practice. They all must work together to reduce cybersecurity risk. It is very important to know the difference; each is important and has different purposes and outcomes.

Training is also important as providing a tool(s) to your security staff does not mean that the environment is secure. Lack of knowledge in using a tool(s) effectively poses a bigger security risk. In-depth knowledge of security tools will allow your teams to bring ROI in terms of quality, a good view of an organization’s security posture, and reducing cost and time spent on unnecessary troubleshooting.